Explore every Policy Ledger article written by Samarth Bansal.
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In September 2025, the European Central Bank made the most significant decision in the post-pandemic period, lowering the key deposit rate by 25 basis points to 3.5%, while remaining wary of the risks of premature tightening.
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But the Chinese economy looked healthy at the start of 2025. Exports had picked up, tourism was bouncing back, and consumer mood had turned positive. By summertime, however, the momentum was gone. GDP growth ha…
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US Consumer Spending Growth Collapses As Savings Dry Up
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As geopolitical tensions reshape technology supply chains, the global semiconductor industry is undergoing its largest structural shift in decades. Nations are racing to secure advanced chip manufacturing capacity, diversify suppliers, and protect national security interests, resulting in a new era of tech-driven economic realignment.
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Artificial intelligence is invading all corners of the financial industry. This article explains how and why this took place during the 2024-25 window and the debate over the role of human judgement in the markets.
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The Institute of International Finance's Global Debt Monitor for March 2025 revealed global debt at $315 trillion, or 336% of world GDP—the highest level in history—as elevated interest rates strain fiscal policy in both advanced and emerging economies.
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From semiconductors to solar panels, the post-pandemic world has redrawn its supply maps. This article examines how 2024–2025 reshoring trends, trade alliances, and geopolitical rivalries are redefining globalization for the next generation.
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Every heart beat, breath, and mental process occurs due to chemistry. In each cell of our body, thousands of biochemical reactions take place per second – reactions of breakdown of food substances, energy gener…
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Every heartbeat, breath, and thought begins with the tiny, complex world inside our cells. This article explores how cells function as living factories, working together to power the human body and maintain life.
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In December 2024, the total market value of India's stock market overtook Hong Kong, securing the fourth position in the world, driven by strong domestic demand, investment-friendly policy, and record foreign inflows.
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Motivation is the fuel of all our objectives, but what about the hurdles to this fuel? This article talks about the science of motivation, as well as the hurdles to it that could influence us in achieving our goals.
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Oil prices entered a period of extreme volatility in late 2024 as OPEC+ production cuts, geopolitical tensions, and accelerating clean-energy adoption collided. This article explores how shifting supply dynamics, policy pressures, and demand transitions are redefining the global energy landscape.
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Caffeine is the most widely used stimulant in the world, found in coffee, tea, and energy drinks. This article explores how caffeine works inside the brain, why it boosts alertness, and what happens when we have too much of it.
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Two prominent crypto-exchanges, BitLink and AuroraX, collapsed in 2024, leading to billions of dollars in losses for users and fueling an international regulatory crackdown on cryptocurrency markets.
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After two years of aggressive tightening, the Federal Reserve kept interest rates unchanged for most of 2024 amid evidence that inflation was cooling. This article analyzes the reasoning behind the pause, its effects on credit markets, and what it signals for the U.S. economy going forward.
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The Bank of Japan ended its historic policy of yield-curve control in March 2024, in the same meeting in which it also abandoned negative rates. The move, which sent bonds and the yen higher, marked the end of Japan's long battle with deflation.
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